A claim chart is a document that applies the claim of a patent to the product of a company. It does so by showing how each element of the claim is evidently being "practiced" by the potentially "infringing" product.
As of early 2009, the patent transaction industry was coalescing around a single shared idea: The sale of patents must be accompanied by claim charts.
Perhaps the clearest sign of this coalescence is that the biggest institutional buyer of patents decided in early 2009 that it would no longer even look at patents for sale that do not come with claim charts.